Saturday, December 31, 2011

Long-time Dresden mayor passes gavel

DRESDEN -- Bob Lane has witnessed a lot of changes in his 20 years as mayor of the village of Dresden.

But his almost 40 years of public service comes to an end this week when he walks away from his desk and gavel for the last time.

Dave Mathew, who was appointed to the council in 2006 then won a four-year term in 2007, ran unopposed in the November election and will take the reins next week.

From the decreasing role Longaberger has played to a revival of community spirit spearheaded by civic leaders like Kenny Wolford and the Dresden Village Association, Lane has kept a steady hand on the wheel through good and bad times.

"I was on council before. I think the plaque I got says 36 years, eight months total," said the 78-year-old Lane. "I've seen this place as a small farming community, and then Longaberger came and it changed the whole atmosphere of this town."

At one time, Longaberger employed thousands at its manufacturing business just off Main Street, and the village saw its tax revenue grow to $450,000 annually.

"We had seven grocery stores in town at one time, we had both an A&P and a Kroger," Lane recalled. "There were 100 buses a day coming here because of Longaberger. We went from a little poor town to a gold mine town."

Lane said most of the credit goes to Dave Longaberger, who grew his small hand-crafted basket business into a giant and then built a health and fitness facility, a senior center and a community pool to take care of employees and their families.

"Dave came to council and said we needed new sidewalks on Main Street. Before we made a decision, concrete was being poured," Lane said. "Dave had come to me and asked if it was OK. So I'm at a council meeting and I get asked about why the concrete is going in on the one side of Main Street, and I looked around like I didn't know what they were talking about. I figured if the concrete was down; it's kind of hard to take it back out."

Memories like that bring a mischievous grin to Lane's lined features but are tempered by sad circumstances during the years that he feels brought the community closer together.

"Longaberger leaving was a challenge, and it's still a challenge. We lost $200,000 in tax revenue when they left. You roll with the punches, but it's been a very hard roll. We thrived on Longaberger and the village really died with it," Lane explained. "And having three stores burn down. We still don't have a grocery store here in town."

He also mentioned the deaths of Dave Longaberger and Wolford, as well as the loss of Sgt. Bradley Harper, a Dresden native and U.S. Marine who was killed along with 13 others by an explosive device near Haditha, Iraq, in 2005.

"When Brad Harper's body was brought home, I was there to get him in Columbus, and the whole town turned out for that, that's a night I will never forget," Lane recalled.

But there are positives as Lane gives way to Mathew.

Efforts have been under way for some time to try to find a new business to take over the old Longaberger building.

Tour buses and visitors, although not at the levels once seen, still come to worship in all things Longaberger. The Tri-Valley Schools have grown and planning continues for a new housing development, Bedford Place, on the village's north side.

"We're still in business for tourism, we have a lot of wonderful shop owners," said the 54-year-old Mathew, who comes to office with some pedigree of his own. His father, Bob Mathew, served on the village council for 36 years. "And the turnout we had for our Christmas parade, it was probably the most we've had in a long while. It shows people still come here, still come together."

Mathew said he is humbled to take over for Lane.

I commend him on his years of service," Mathew said. "He's made quite a donation of time and effort to the community."

Lane said it was just time for him to move on. He'll probably spend time at the senior center, which the village just took over operations of from Longaberger.

"I always wanted to stay until I got too old. I've done a lot of things long-hand, and I'm just too old for computers now," he said. "I've found that even though mayor is just a title, people respect it and it's been a real honor and privilege to give something back. This town has been my life and I've enjoyed it. And I wish Dave the best of luck."

Source: http://coshoctontribune.com/article/20111230/NEWS01/112300305/1002/rss01

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Video: Treasury Secretary Steve Forbes?

Is there a possibility of a Forbes Treasury post in a Gingrich White House? Steve Forbes, Forbes Media chairman & editor in chief; Jared Bernstein, fmr. chief economist to VP Joe Biden; and James Pethokoukis, American Enterprise Institute, discuss U.S....

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/45820315/

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China's Alibaba hires US lobbying firm as it eyes buying Yahoo!

"If they subscribe to Yahoo! and [they know] Yahoo! is owned by a Chinese company, they are going to have to make the decision themselves," Natkin added.

Alibaba, Softbank and Yahoo! have been looking to unwind their complex web of relationships. Alibaba retained Duberstein in the fall when it was discussing a proposal with private equity firms to carve up Yahoo!, a source familiar with the situation said.

While they would jointly make a bid for the whole company, the idea was for the buyout firms to take over Yahoo!'s US operations and for Alibaba and Softbank to get the Asian assets.

But a buyout of Yahoo! has now been put on the backburner as the US internet company is considering a proposal to address just the Asian assets that Alibaba and Softbank want. That plan, valued at roughly $17bn (?11bn), would reduce Yahoo!'s 40pc stake in Alibaba and get Yahoo! out of Yahoo! Japan, sources told Reuters last week.

Yahoo! is exploring proposals to revamp its business in the face of competition from internet heavyweights such as Google and Facebook.

Investors have long said Yahoo!'s investment in Alibaba, along with its 35pc slice of Yahoo! Japan, are far and away the US company's most prized assets. Yahoo! has a market value of around $20bn.

Earlier in December, Thomson Reuters publication Basis Point reported that a handful of lenders are considering committing to a $4bn loan for Alibaba that will help it buy back part of the 40pc stake that Yahoo! owns in the company.

The filing marks the first time Alibaba has registered to lobby the US government, according to a search of congressional records.

The Duberstein Group is headed by Kenneth Duberstein, a former White House chief of staff under US President Ronald Reagan. Its other clients include BP America, Goldman Sachs and Pfizer.

The lobbying registration lists the law firm Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, which specializes in mergers and acquisitions, as an intermediary between Alibaba and the company's lobbying team.

The registration was received by a US Senate office on December 23 and then posted online, but the lobbying work likely began earlier.

Under US law, a lobbying firm is required to file a public disclosure within 45 days of crossing certain thresholds such as making contact with a public official. The filing for Alibaba says it is effective as of December 1.

Messages left with the Duberstein Group and Wachtell were not immediately returned on Wednesday.

Source: http://telegraph.feedsportal.com/c/32726/f/568300/s/1b5b11d9/l/0L0Stelegraph0O0Cfinance0Cnewsbysector0Cmediatechnologyandtelecoms0Cdigital0Emedia0C89820A910CChinas0EAlibaba0Ehires0EUS0Elobbying0Efirm0Eas0Eit0Eeyes0Ebuying0EYahoo0Bhtml/story01.htm

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Friday, December 30, 2011

Apple yeni iPad'de pil kapasitesini iki kat?n ?zerinde artt?rabilir

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Source: www.donanimhaber.com --- Thursday, December 29, 2011
IPad 3'?, Steve Jobs'un do?um g?n?ne yeti?tirmeye ?al??t??? iddia edilen Apple, Digitimes'?n haberine g?re konu?ulandan farkl? bir strateji izleyebilir. Uzakdo?u merkezli yay?n organ?n Apple'?n tedarik zincirinde yer alan ?reticilere dayand?rd??? bir habere g?re, IPad 2 ba?ta Kindle Fire olmak ?zere bu alanda y?ksek sat?? ba?ar?s? g?steren rakiplere kar?? giri? seviyesine konumland?r?lacak ve ?zerine biri orta di?eri ise ?st segment olmak ?zere iki yeni model gelecek. ...

Source: http://www.donanimhaber.com/Apple_yeni_iPadde_pil_kapasitesini_iki_katin_uzerinde_arttirabilir-31002.htm

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Cricket-South Africa v Sri Lanka - second test scoreboard


Wed Dec 28, 2011 9:27pm IST

DURBAN, South Africa, Dec 28 (Reuters) - Scoreboard at the close on the third day of the second test between South Africa and Sri Lanka at Kingsmead on Wednesday.	     Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to bat first.	     Sri Lanka first innings 338 (Thilan Samaraweera 102, Dinesh Chandimal 58; Marchant de Lange 7-81) 	     South Africa first innings 168 (Hashim Amla 54; Chanaka Welegedara five for 52, Rangana Herath four for 49).	     Sri Lanka second innings (overnight 7-1)	  T. Paranavitana c Prince b Morkel       9	  T. Dilshan c Smith b Steyn              4	  K. Sangakkara c Smith b Imran Tahir   108	  M. Jayawardene lbw b De Lange          14	  T. Samaraweera b Imran Tahir           43	  A. Mathews c Boucher b Steyn            3	  D. Chandimal c Boucher b Steyn         54	  T. Perera not out                       6        	  R. Herath not out                       5	  Extras (w-1, b-5, lb-2, nb-2)          10	  Total (seven wickets, 70.3 overs)     256	     Fall of wickets: 1-4 2-20 3-44 4-138 5-141 6-245 7-245	     Still to bat: C. Welegedara, D. Fernando.	     Bowling (to date): Morkel 15-4-43-1, Steyn 16-3-54-3, De Lange 12.3-1-45-1 (w-1, nb-1), Kallis 11-1-43-0, Tahir 16-1-64-2 (nb-1).

Source: http://feeds.reuters.com/~r/reuters/INcricketNews/~3/Ebia7gMNUKs/cricket-lanka-scoreboard-idINB55749520111228

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Navalny, Russia's protest hero, fights oil company (AP)

MOSCOW ? An anti-corruption lawyer who has been a key force behind popular protests against Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin demanded Thursday that the country's largest oil company release more information about its investments, saying the firm spends money in "strange and non-transparent ways."

Alexei Navalny's efforts to expose corruption in Russia have gained renewed attention in the wake of the fraud-tainted Dec. 4 parliamentary election that has angered Russians already sick of bribe-demanding public officials and led to the massive protests.

Navalny is a minority shareholder in the state-controlled Rosneft oil company, and has used that position to try to convince courts to help him gain more information from the firm. Navalny, who reaches tens of thousands through his blog and has more than 167,000 followers on Twitter, alleges that the oil giant's investment projects serve as a cover for kickbacks.

On Thursday, he attended a session of Moscow's Arbitration Court to continue pressing for minutes of Rosneft's board of directors meetings in 2009. The court adjourned proceedings until next month for technical reasons. Afterward, Navalny lambasted Rosneft's failure to cooperate with his requests.

"They are reluctant to release the information in order to cover up corruption," he said. "They spend money in a strange and non-transparent ways, throwing them on the Olympic Games, giant construction projects, obscure investment plans."

Rosneft has rejected Navalny's allegations.

Navalny was one of the key speakers at last weekend's protest in Moscow against election fraud, which drew up to 100,000 people in the largest outpouring of public anger since massive protests that swept away the Soviet Union 20 years ago.

Navalny has pledged to take up to 1 million protesters to the streets in the run-up to the March election in which Putin, currently prime minister, intends to reclaim the presidency. Navalny insists the vote is illegitimate because Putin has kept potential challengers away through tight controls over the political scene.

Using his rights as a minority shareholder, Navalny has gathered evidence of corruption at state-controlled oil and gas companies and banks. His cases against some top names in Russian business have made little progress in court but helped attract public attention to some seemingly outrageous practices.

About a year ago, he set up a website where he posts government documents announcing tenders for various goods and services. He has his team of lawyers study the documents, and also offers the public a chance to review them online.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/eurobiz/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111229/ap_on_bi_ge/eu_russia_protest_leader

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Lunch With Phil Discussing Automotive Advertising Agencies 12/27 ...

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Source: http://www.blogtalkradio.com/adagencyonline/2011/12/27/lunch-with-phil-discussing-automotive-advertising-agencies-1

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Thursday, December 29, 2011

Video: Did spanking book lead to children?s deaths?

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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/45803746#45803746

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Is Shift Worker Diet An Occupational Hazard?

60-Second Science60-Second Science | Health

An editorial in PLOS Medicine makes the case for considering the poor eating habits of shift workers, and the associated health risk, as a legally defined occupational hazard. Sophie Bushwick reports.

More 60-Second Science

For shift workers, odd hours usually mean strange sleeping habits and unhealthy meals. And now an editorial in the journal Public Library of Science Medicine takes the position that unhealthy eating associated with unusual working hours could be considered a new form of occupational hazard. Because such eating is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes. [Poor Diet in Shift Workers: A New Occupational Health Hazard?]

More than 15 percent of workers in the United States are employed in shifts, with workers taking over for each other so that the establishment can stay open for up to 24 hours a day. Because some shifts take place at night, employees have their circadian rhythms disrupted, and thus their metabolisms.

Taking round the clock shifts also makes eating a good diet and getting sufficient exercise difficult. A recent study in the same journal found an increase in diabetes risk among nurses who performed shift work. [An Pan et al, Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies in Women]

The editorial suggests not only employee incentives, but also legislation to make healthful diets easy and cheap. It concludes that treating poor eating among shift workers as an occupational hazard is consistent with the history of workplace safety rights.

?Sophie Bushwick

[The above text is a transcript of this podcast]


Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=c2bcee52ca42dc9d3669af85d7ada1bb

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Wednesday, December 28, 2011

Early Florida Primary Could Sow Confusion, Not Clout

A woman votes in the Jan. 29, 2008, Florida primary in Miami Shores. Enlarge Marc Serota/Getty Images

A woman votes in the Jan. 29, 2008, Florida primary in Miami Shores.

Marc Serota/Getty Images

A woman votes in the Jan. 29, 2008, Florida primary in Miami Shores.

Four years ago, Florida played a key role choosing the Republican presidential nominee with a crucial early primary in violation of party rules. Next month, Florida Republicans are poised to do it again ? once again breaking rules with an early primary. Only this time, their decision could confuse the race, rather than clarify it.

To understand why political parties set rules for presidential primaries, and why states break those rules, it's helpful to appreciate what it means for the campaigns to descend on a small state like Iowa or New Hampshire.

Beyond the glad-handing and ring-kissing of retail politics, there's also the sound of money. Millions of dollars are spent at restaurants, on campaign workers, and radio and television advertising ? all injected into the local economy.

When mega-state Florida moved its primary date to Jan. 31 to increase its influence, it forced South Carolina and other official early states to move even earlier in January to preserve their place in line.

"No candidate's going to ignore Florida, no matter what," says South Carolina Republican Party Chairman Chad Connelly. "And so their whole premise of compressing the calendar and creating this chaos was that they want to be more relevant. I thought that was just silly. They already are relevant."

When it comes to flouting primary rules, Florida is a repeat offender.

Winner-take-all kind of short-changes [the] process. It can make a front-runner become the inevitable nominee more quickly than ... the party is ready for him to win.

When the state did this last time, in 2008, Arizona Sen. John McCain was the beneficiary.

It was a winner-take-all contest, which gave McCain all of the state's GOP delegates, even though he barely won a third of the votes cast. The second- and third-place finishers got nothing.

McCain's win triggered his even-bigger delegate haul a week later on Super Tuesday, which featured many similar winner-take-all events. In effect, McCain locked up the nomination that night.

But later that year?

McCain couldn't carry Florida and lost decisively to Barack Obama. Many conservatives blamed that compressed schedule packed with winner-take-all contests ? the exact opposite of the proportional primaries on the Democratic side that drew out Obama's race against Hillary Clinton into early summer.

"Winner-take-all kind of short-changes that process. It can make a front-runner become the inevitable nominee more quickly than ... the party is ready for him to win," says Rob Ritchie, who heads the elections reform group FairVote.org.

Enter the Republican National Committee, which in 2010 wrote a new rule to slow things down. The early states ? Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, South Carolina ? would not vote until February.

The other states could start March 6, but only if they awarded delegates proportionally, limiting their influence. States that wanted winner-take-all had to wait until April 1. Rule-breaking states would lose half of their delegates.

But Florida saw no use for that schedule.

"We ought to go early and we ought to be by ourselves so that our voice has a much larger impact due to the size and the diversity of our state," says Florida GOP Chairman Lenny Curry.

Just as in 2008, Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina all moved their dates to stay ahead of Florida.

But Florida did something else the others did not: insisting, despite the new rule, on winner-take-all.

It's that second violation that really has Connelly livid, because the rules do not automatically impose any additional penalty.

"So they need to lose all the delegates, or they need to be proportionally allocated ? something that makes them go: 'Wow, we don't want to do to this,'" he says.

That's not likely to happen. Party officials and observers believe Florida ? the host for next summer's GOP convention ? will escape any further consequence.

That is unless the Republican race winds up close and the delegate count actually starts to matter.

Come summer, party rules allow any Republican voter in Florida to challenge the state's winner-take-all scheme at the Tampa convention, potentially complicating and confusing the nomination itself.

"Let's suppose that a person supporting say Ron Paul ... says, 'Look, my candidate was entitled to 10 percent of the 50 delegates. We're entitled to five delegates. And I'm going to file a challenge asserting that we get our five delegates.' I think that's a very plausible scenario," says John Ryder, an RNC member from Tennessee who was on the committee that wrote the latest rules.

And that possibility, Ryder thinks, could dramatically lessen the momentum and media value of winning next month's Florida primary.

"Anybody reporting the results from Florida would have to award the delegates won on their Jan. 31 primary with an asterisk, and say: 'But, it could be subject to a challenge,'" Ryder says.

In other words, Florida could find itself making much less of a difference than if it had simply followed the rules.

Source: http://www.npr.org/2011/12/27/143467282/it-s-complicated-projecting-the-relevance-of-florida-s-gop-primary?ft=1&f=3

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Featured Advertiser (Washington Post)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

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Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Christmas attacks in Nigeria by sect kill 39

Onlookers gather around a car destroyed in a blast next to St. Theresa Catholic Church in Madalla, Nigeria, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2011. An explosion ripped through a Catholic church during Christmas Mass near Nigeria's capital Sunday, killing scores of people, officials said. A radical Muslim sect claimed the attack and another bombing near a church in the restive city of Jos, as explosions also struck the nation's northeast. (AP Photo/Sunday Aghaeze)

Onlookers gather around a car destroyed in a blast next to St. Theresa Catholic Church in Madalla, Nigeria, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2011. An explosion ripped through a Catholic church during Christmas Mass near Nigeria's capital Sunday, killing scores of people, officials said. A radical Muslim sect claimed the attack and another bombing near a church in the restive city of Jos, as explosions also struck the nation's northeast. (AP Photo/Sunday Aghaeze)

Onlookers and security staff gather around a car destroyed in a blast next to St. Theresa Catholic Church in Madalla, Nigeria, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2011. An explosion ripped through a Catholic church during Christmas Mass near Nigeria's capital Sunday, killing scores of people, officials said. A radical Muslim sect claimed the attack and another bombing near a church in the restive city of Jos, as explosions also struck the nation's northeast. (AP Photo/Dele Jones)

An armed soldier walks past a car destroyed in a blast next to St. Theresa Catholic Church in Madalla, Nigeria, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2011. An explosion ripped through a Catholic church during Christmas Mass near Nigeria's capital Sunday, killing scores of people, officials said. A radical Muslim sect claimed the attack and another bombing near a church in the restive city of Jos, as explosions also struck the nation's northeast. (AP Photo/Dele Jones)

A victim of a bomb blast at a Catholic church near Nigeria's capital lays on a bed at Suleja General Hospital in Suleja, Nigeria, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2011. An explosion ripped through a Catholic church during Christmas Mass near Nigeria's capital Sunday, killing scores of people, officials said. A radical Muslim sect claimed the attack and another bombing near a church in the restive city of Jos, as explosions also struck the nation's northeast. (AP Photo/Dele Jones)

A victim is tended to by medics in an ambulance following a blast at a Catholic church near Nigeria's capital lays on a bed at Suleja General Hospital in Suleja, Nigeria, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2011. An explosion ripped through a Catholic church during Christmas Mass near Nigeria's capital Sunday, killing scores of people, officials said. A radical Muslim sect claimed the attack and another bombing near a church in the restive city of Jos, as explosions also struck the nation's northeast. (AP Photo/Dele Jones)

(AP) ? Terror attacks across Nigeria by a radical Muslim sect killed at least 39 people Sunday, with the majority dying on the steps of a Catholic church after celebrating Christmas Mass as blood pooled in dust from a massive explosion.

Authorities acknowledged they could not bring enough emergency medical personnel to care for the wounded outside St. Theresa Catholic Church in Madalla near Nigeria's capital. Elsewhere, a bomb exploded amid gunfire in the central Nigeria city of Jos and a suicide car bomber attacked the military in the nation's northeast as part of an apparently coordinated assault by the sect known as Boko Haram.

The Christmas Day violence, denounced by world leaders and the Vatican, shows the threat of the widening insurrection posed by Boko Haram against Nigeria's weak central government. Despite a recent paramilitary crackdown against the sect in the oil-rich nation, it appears that Africa's most populous nation remains unable to stop the threat.

The White House condemned what it called a "senseless" attack, offered its condolences to the Nigerian people and pledged to assist authorities in bringing those responsible to justice.

In a statement, Britain's Foreign Secretary William Hague said, "These are cowardly attacks on families gathered in peace and prayer to celebrate a day which symbolises harmony and goodwill towards others.".

The first explosion on Sunday struck St. Theresa Catholic Church just after 8 a.m. The attack killed 35 people and wounded another 52, said Slaku Luguard, a coordinator with Nigeria's National Emergency Management Agency.

Though billions of dollars of oil money flow into the nation's budget yearly, Luguard's agency could only send text messages to journalists asking for their help in getting more ambulances.

Those wounded filled the cement floors of a nearby government hospital, with television images showing them crying in pools of their own blood. Corpses lined an open-air morgue.

The bombing and the delayed response drew anger from those gathering around the church after the blast. The crowd initially blocked emergency workers from the blast site, only allowing them in after soldiers arrived.

"We're trying to calm the situation," Luguard said. "There are some angry people around trying to cause problems."

In Jos, a second explosion struck near the Mountain of Fire and Miracles Church, state government spokesman Pam Ayuba said. Gunmen later opened fire on police guarding the area, killing one officer, he said. Two other locally made explosives were found in a nearby building and disarmed.

By noon Sunday, explosions echoed through the streets of Damaturu, the capital of Yobe state where fighting between security forces and the sect already had killed at least 61 people in recent days. The most serious attack on Sunday came when a suicide bomber detonated a car loaded with explosives at the state headquarters of Nigeria's secret police, the State Security Service.

The bomber killed three people in the blast, though the senior military commander apparently targeted survived the attack, the State Security Service said in a statement.

After the bombings, a Boko Haram spokesman using the nom de guerre Abul-Qaqa claimed responsibility for the attacks in an interview with The Daily Trust, the newspaper of record across Nigeria's Muslim north. The sect has used the newspaper in the past to communicate with public.

Boko Haram has carried out increasingly sophisticated and bloody attacks in its campaign to implement strict Shariah law across Nigeria, a multiethnic nation of more than 160 million people. The group, whose name means "Western education is sacrilege" in the local Hausa language, is responsible for at least 504 killings this year alone, according to an Associated Press count.

This Christmas attack comes a year after a series of Christmas Eve bombings in Jos claimed by the militants left at least 32 dead and 74 wounded. The group also claimed responsibility for the Aug. 26 bombing of the United Nations headquarters in Nigeria's capital Abuja that killed 24 people and wounded 116 others.

The sect came to national prominence in 2009, when its members rioted and burned police stations near its base of Maiduguri, a dusty northeastern city on the cusp of the Sahara Desert. Nigeria's military violently put down the attack, crushing the sect's mosque into shards as its leader was arrested and died in police custody. About 700 people died during the violence.

While initially targeting enemies via hit-and-run assassinations from the back of motorbikes after the 2009 riot, violence by Boko Haram now has a new sophistication and apparent planning that includes high-profile attacks with greater casualties. That has fueled speculation about the group's ties as it has splintered into at least three different factions, diplomats and security sources say. They say the more extreme wing of the sect maintains contact with terror groups in North Africa and Somalia.

Targeting the group has remained difficult, as sect members are scattered throughout northern Nigeria and nearby Cameroon, Chad and Niger. Analysts say political considerations also likely play a part in the country's thus-far muted response: President Goodluck Jonathan, a Christian from the south, may be hesitant to use force in the nation's predominantly Muslim north.

In a statement, Jonathan condemned the blasts as a "unwarranted affront on our collective safety and freedom."

"I want to reassure all Nigerians that government will not relent in its determination to bring to justice all the perpetrators of today's acts of violence and all others before now," Jonathan said.

However, Jonathan has made the same promises after a series of spiraling attacks by the group. His spokesman, Reuben Abati, defended the president by saying the country planned to spend more on security and had made arrests targeting the group.

"The administration is very determined to address this new threat of terrorism that seems to have slipped into our environment," Abati told the AP.

But anger continues to grow over the sect's apparent ability to strike at will ? anger that could be seen at St. Theresa Catholic Church. After the blast, someone picked up a burnt piece of wood to scrawl: "Revolution now in the country" on its cement walls.

___

Associated Press writers Bashir Adigun in Abuja, Nigeria and Njadvara Musa in Maiduguri, Nigeria contributed to this report.

___

Jon Gambrell can be reached at www.twitter.com/jongambrellAP.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-12-25-AF-Nigeria-Violence/id-2f106a9a7f1a476faabfd38d62ed869e

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Women's lung cancer risk not tied to childbirths

Women's lung cancer risk not tied to childbirths?

Jump to full article: Reuters, 2011-12-26
Author: Frederik Joelving

Intro:

A woman's lung cancer risk doesn't appear to be linked to the number of children she has, although some scientists had thought hormonal changes during pregnancy might protect against the disease.

That's according to a new report that sums up 16 previous studies on the topic, which researchers have explored to get a better understanding of lung cancer and possible treatments.

If lung cancer in women were tied to hormones the same way some breast cancers are, for instance, similar drugs might be effective against both diseases, said Jessica K. Paulus, who worked on the analysis.

So far, however, studies haven't agreed on whether or not pregnancies -- and by extension hormones -- play a role in lung cancer. . . .

The disease is rare in younger adults, but becomes more common as people grow old. Overall, the risk of getting lung cancer is about one in 13 for men and one in 16 for women. But these overall numbers include smokers, whose risk is many times higher than that of non-smokers.

"Both active smoking and exposure to second-hand smoking are some of the strongest risk factors for lung cancer," said Paulus. "Quitting smoking and quitting soon is associated with reducing your risk of lung cancer."

Jump to full article ?

Source: http://c.moreover.com/click/here.pl?r5666585076

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An Obama Christmas (ABC News)

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Monday, December 26, 2011

Upcoming Space Missions for 2012 (ContributorNetwork)

As 2011 draws to a close, the year ahead, 2012, promises to be a year when some greatly anticipated space missions are scheduled to take place. They can be divided into unmanned, commercial, and international.

Unmanned Missions for 2012

The twin NASA GRAIL probes will arrive in lunar orbit on New Year's Day for a three month mission to examine the moon's gravity, as well as its interior and formation. The two satellites will create a map of the moon's variable gravity field by measuring the changes in distance between them due to gravitational variations.

The Dawn spacecraft, currently in orbit around the asteroid Vesta, will complete that phase of its mission in July. It will blast out of orbit and head toward the largest known asteroid, Ceres, where it is due to arrive in Feb 2015.

Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity is scheduled to land on the Martian surface on August 6. The SUV sized Mars rover will touch down with that will use a crane to gentler lower it to the ground after having its descent slowed by retro rockets and a parachute. If it successfully touches down, it will provide the most sophisticated and extensive unmanned examination of Mars yet.

Commercial Missions for 2012

If all goes well, the first cargo version of SpaceX's Dragon will launch on Feb 7 on board a Falcon 9 rocket. A few days later the cargo Dragon will rendezvous with the International Space Station. The crew of the ISS will take hold of the Dragon with a remote manipulator arm and berth it to an airlock. If all is successful, a new era of commercial cargo space missions will have been born, presaging crewed flights scheduled to take place in 2017.

Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo has so far been engaged in glide tests, after having been dropped by its carrier plane, WhiteKnightTwo. It is hoped that powered flights of the SpaceShipTwo will commence sometime in 2012, bringing closer that era of paid passenger space flights to low Earth orbit.

International Space Missions for 2012

While NASA astronauts are compelled to pay for rides on the Russian Soyuz, due to the end of the space shuttle program, the Chinese space program will quicken its pace with two missions to its space station module prototype, the Tiangong-1. These missions will be the Shenzhou 9 and the Shenzhou 10. It is anticipated, pending an analysis of the unmanned mission of the Shenzhou 8, that one or both of these flights will carry a crew. That being the case, the crew of each mission will spend about two weeks docked to the Tiangong-1, according to Space Daily. One of the members of the Shenzhou 10 may well be China's first female astronaut.

Mark R. Whittington is the author of Children of Apollo and The Last Moonwalker . He has written on space subjects for a variety of periodicals, including The Houston Chronicle, The Washington Post, USA Today, the LA Times, and The Weekly Standard.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/space/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ac/20111226/sc_ac/10752519_upcoming_space_missions_for2012

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Letter: GOP health care policies damaging

The amount of misinformation many Republicans are allowed, or indeed encouraged, to believe is a condemnation of Republican leaders.

Many persist in the delusion that health care did not need reform. Budget cuts proposed by Republicans and the tea party do not address the real problems.

The much higher costs we pay for health care are a major drag on the U.S. economy and the cause of government deficits.

Private insurance companies, with their ceiling on benefits and frequent denial of claims, operated much more like ?death panels? than anything proposed in ?ObamaCare.?

Health insurance mandates are only necessary, as Newt Gingrich admitted, if, as Republicans insist, we retain for-profit insurance companies as part of the solution (despite their having been a major part of the problem).

If Medicare were extended to cover everyone, as some Democrats proposed, the problem of insurance mandates disappears.

Blaming Barney Frank for the failure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac is ridiculous. From 2001 through 2006, when most of the damage was done, he did not have the power to block any legislation the Republican majority proposed.

Moreover, Republican policies have made the fundamental problem of money?s corrupting influence on politics worse.

?? Mark Holmboe, Rockford

Source: http://www.rrstar.com/opinions/whatyouresaying/x1282424892/Letter-GOP-health-care-policies-damaging

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BASEBALL: Husky Player Profile - Shawn Riesgraf

Baseball

Monday, December 26, 2011

Riesgraf

Shawn Riesgraf

Welcome to the 2012 baseball season at St. Cloud State University.? This week we will look at junior pitcher Shawn Riesgraf.

Riesgraf is a junior pitcher from Chaska.? GO HUSKIES!


HUSKY PLAYER PROFILE: SHAWN RIESGRAF

Name: Shawn Riesgraf

Favorite Opponent: Mankato

Favorite Baseball Road Trip: Conference Tournament at Mankato last year.

Favorite Field on the Road to Play At: Metrodome

Favorite Professional Athlete Jordan Smith

Favorite Pro Team: Minnesota Twins Favorite

Class at SCSU: Organic Chemistry
Favorite Professor: Dr. Mechelke

Favorite TV Show: Storage Wars

Favorite Movie: The Rookie

Favorite Book: Kirby Pucket: I Love This Game

Hobby/Pastime (aside from baseball): Fishing

Favorite Musician/Band: Jason Aldean

Favorite Food: Pizza

Favorite Restaurant: Pizza Ranch

Favorite Vacation Spot: Soon to be Hawaii

Favorite Website: #Twitter

Favorite Video Game: Call of Duty

Why Did I Choose SCSU: It felt like a program Coach Dolan had going in the right direction with great players and a group of guys that get got along on and off the field.?

Pre-Game Day Ritual or Superstition: For a while before every start last year I had to get a piece of gum from Coach Vorpahl.

Most Memorable Baseball Moment: Beating Mankato out of the Conference Tournament on their own field.

How old where you when you first played Baseball for a team, and what was the team?s name:
When I was 6, I played t-ball for Chaska Security Bank.

First Job: Mowing Lawns

What most people don?t know about me: I was Joe Mauer's Bat Boy when he was in High School.

Three people you would like to have dinner with: Nolan Ryan, George Washington, and Travis Enger

Advice to young athletes: Whatever you choose to do in your life, do it to your fullest, chase your dreams and nothing will be able to stop you.

Favorite Pat Dolan saying: SOMEBODY BEAT GOLD!

Sport I?d like to try but never have: Noodling for Catfish

Something I never leave home without: My Fishing? License

Plans for the future:? Win a World Series, Graduate with my Biomedical Science Degree, and head off to Medical School to become a Doctor.?

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Source: http://www.stcloudstate.edu/athletics/sports/baseball/story.asp?storyID=37161

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Brady leads comeback, Patriots top Dolphins 27-24 (AP)

FOXBOROUGH, Mass. ? The New England Patriots emphasize playing well for 60 minutes every game. On Saturday, 30 was enough ? barely.

Rallying from their worst half of the season, the Patriots scored on their next five possessions and clinched a playoff bye with a 27-24 win over the Miami Dolphins on Saturday.

"You don't want to, certainly, make a habit of this," said Tom Brady, who scored on two 1-yard sneaks and threw for a 1-yard touchdown. "We showed some resiliency."

New England (12-3) won its seventh straight game. After the Houston Texans lost to the Indianapolis Colts on Thursday night, the Patriots needed a win or a tie to lock up one of the top two spots in the AFC.

"It's good to clinch," said Deion Branch, who caught the touchdown pass from Brady, "but not by the way we played. It's not the way you want to do it."

Miami (5-10) lost for the third time in eight games after opening at 0-7 and is 1-1 under Todd Bowles, who took over when Tony Sparano was fired.

"First half we came out and played our tempo and our ballgame," Bowles said. "The second half they made us play theirs."

The AFC East champions trailed 17-0 at halftime but made the necessary adjustments and went to their no-huddle offense more, keeping the Dolphins from making defensive substitutions. And Brady was on target after a first half in which heavy defensive pressure against a makeshift offensive line affected his accuracy. He completed just 7 of 19 passes for 87 yards and was sacked three times in the half.

But in the second half, he completed 20 of 27 passes for 217 yards, finishing at 27 for 46 for 304 yards and leading one scoring drive after another ? a 45-yard field goal by Stephen Gostkowski, the scoring pass to Branch, his own sneak that tied the game, Gostkowski's 42-yard go-ahead kick after Devin McCourty's first interception of the year, and the other sneak with 2:56 to go, making it 27-17.

The Dolphins made it closer on Matt Moore's 15-yard scoring pass to Davone Bess with 1:48 to play. They had three timeouts left, but their hopes faded when Brady hit Wes Welker for a 6-yard gain and a first down.

"We had (Brady's) number in the first half, but in the second half he came out and made a lot of plays," Miami linebacker Karlos Dansby said. "He is a coach on the field."

The Dolphins seemed headed for a victory and got a break even before the game started when Patriots left tackle Matt Light hurt his ankle in warmups and didn't play. Left guard Logan Mankins took his spot, but he left with a knee injury suffered on New England's second series.

"There's always things that are going to go wrong in a football game and things aren't going to work out the way you want them to all the time," said Welker, who finished with 12 catches for 138 yards after managing just two for 20 in the first half. "The main thing is just playing a full 60 minutes and never giving in and understanding that one drive and one score (can) get things going."

The Patriots punted on their first six series of the first half then missed a field goal on the other. The Dolphins struggled in the second half when Moore fumbled the snap at his 38-yard line and Vince Wilfork recovered, starting the drive capped by Branch's touchdown.

"They committed penalties in the first half," Dolphins guard Richie Incognito said. "We turned the ball over and committed penalties in the second half. That is never a good recipe."

Reggie Bush had another outstanding game for Miami with his fourth straight rushing day of at least 100 yards. He finished with 113 on 22 carries one week after gaining a career-high 203 yards.

His latest performance gave him 1,086 yards rushing for the season, the first time in his six years, the first five with the New Orleans Saints, that he passed 1,000.

"It really doesn't mean anything right now," he said. "This one's pretty tough."

The Dolphins had taken a 3-0 lead on Dan Carpenter's 47-yard field goal 4:01 into the game and made it 10-0 with 1:15 gone in the second quarter on Moore's 19-yard pass to Brandon Marshall.

They stretched that to 17-0, the Patriots biggest deficit of the season, on a 1-yard touchdown pass from Moore to Charles Clay. The 89-yard drive was helped by two defensive pass interference penalties on third down.

But the Patriots remained calm in the locker room at intermission.

"There wasn't a bunch of yelling," Wilfork said. "We just came in and said we've got to play better, we've got to make more plays."

They did. The Dolphins didn't.

"Our guys fought," Bowles said, "but we didn't finish."

Notes: Welker set a franchise record for one season with 1,518 yards receiving. He broke the mark of 1,493 set by Randy Moss in 2007. ... Bush was checked my medical personnel on the sideline late in the game "Something in my leg just didn't feel right," he said. "I'm walking. If it was serious, I wouldn't be walking." ... Moore completed 17 of 33 passes for 294 yards, his highest total as a Dolphin. He threw for more than that with the Carolina Panthers once in 2009 and once in 2010. ... The victory was the largest comeback by the Patriots from a second-half deficit since Nov. 10, 2002 when they beat the Chicago Bears 33-30 after trailing 27-6 in the third quarter.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111224/ap_on_sp_fo_ga_su/fbn_dolphins_patriots

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Jeremy Haynes, Lorenzo Cain teach lessons in baseball, giving

One of Jeremy Haynes' goals Wednesday was to squeeze in as much baseball and fun as possible during his annual Jerald Haynes Game For Gifts Camp.

That was easy to accomplish, especially with former Madison County High School teammate and Kansas City Royals outfielder Lorenzo Cain helping provide instruction to the 24 campers (ages 7 to 13) who participated in the six-hour camp at Madison County's recreation fields.

Another important aspect of the camp also was accomplished ? more than $1,000 was raised to purchase toys for children in Tallahassee Memorial Hospital's Pediatric Unit who won't be home for Christmas on Sunday. Haynes and Cain will play Santa Claus and pass out the toys to the hospitalized children Christmas Eve.

"I don't even know how to put in words when you are passing out the toys and see the kids' smiles, it's such a great feeling," said Haynes, a pitcher in the Atlanta Braves organization who was selected in the 2005 major-league draft out of Tallahassee Community College.

"We go room to room and it's so much fun to watch them open their gifts. I always wanted to do something to be able to help kids and give back."

Haynes, with help from Cain and Jonathan Jones, an athletic trainer at TCC, came up with the camp's unique concept three years ago.

Haynes doesn't charge campers a registration fee ? it's donation only. The community and local businesses such as Madison County Community Bank and Madison Sporting Goods also have rallied behind Haynes' camp.

TMH provides Haynes the names of children who won't be home for Christmas. Haynes and company then schedule a shopping spree at Wal-Mart followed by a gift-wrap session.

One change this year is Haynes has named the camp in honor of his father, Jeremy, who died in September following a heart attack.

"We had a great relationship; we were probably more like brothers and best friends," said Haynes, who has a career record of 18-18 with 334 strikeouts (387.2 innings) in six minor-league seasons. "I want to pass on what he taught me to our campers, that we respect each other and treat everyone the same."

Cain, who is expected to contend for the Royals' starting center-field job in spring training, embraces the opportunity to help his good friend. Other instructors who helped Wednesday included Madison County baseball coach Terry Barrs and Aucilla Christian baseball coach Drew Sherrod.

"It's always a good feeling to give back to the community where I grew up," said Cain, who still resides in Madison during the offseason. "It's a lot of fun working with the kids during the camp and help make a difference. It's also a great experience to pass out the toys at the hospital and see the children's faces light up. I really enjoy it, and it's something I look forward to."

Source: http://www.tallahassee.com/article/20111223/SPORTS/112230334/1002/RSS01

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Gaunt, tearful George Michael: I nearly died

A gaunt and breathless George Michael tearfully thanked his doctors and fans on Friday for seeing him through a "touch and go" battle with pneumonia.

A thin and visibly weak Michael told reporters outside his home in north London that he wasn't supposed to speak for very long and was still recovering from a tracheotomy.

"I got streptococca-something...It's a form of pneumonia and they spent three weeks keeping me alive basically," Michael said of the doctors in the Austrian hospital where the singer has been receiving treatment since he fell ill last month.

"I'm very weak but I feel amazing," he said as he stood in front of a lit-up Christmas tree.

The 48-year-old former Wham! frontman, who went on to pursue a successful solo career, was taken ill in the Austrian capital and diagnosed with severe pneumonia last month.

"It was basically by far the worst month of my life but I'm incredibly, incredibly fortunate to be here," he said. "If I wasn't spiritual enough before the last four, five weeks then I certainly am now."

British press reports said that members of his family had travelled to be by his side at Vienna General Hospital, but Michael said he had played down reports of his illness during his hospital stay for the sake of his fans.

"I didn't want to worry my fans too much and I'm really sorry that I couldn't contact them in any way before now but I was really not in any state to," he said.

Michael had been in the middle of a European tour when he became ill and was forced to cancel a string of dates but, speaking for the first time since he fell ill, he promised to play to every fan who had bought a ticket.

He added that he also wanted to hold a special show for the Austrian doctors who treated him.

"I've spent the last 10 days since I woke up literally thanking people for saving my life, which is something I've never had to do before and never want to have to do again," he said, choking back the tears.

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Asked if the experience had changed his life, he said: "Absolutely. I'm a new man."

After joking that he hoped reporters had enjoyed their mince pies, Michael said he couldn't speak any more because he was trying to get over the tracheotomy.

Born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou, Michael burst on to the British pop scene in the early 80s as the lead singer of Wham!, which had a string of catchy hits including "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" and "Last Christmas."

He also found success as a solo artist with chart-toppers like "Careless Whisper" and "A Different Corner," and it was only a matter of time before he struck out alone.

His rich vein continued with the 1987 No. 1 "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" in which he performed with Aretha Franklin, one of his favorite artists.

The same year he released "Faith," an album which spawned a string of hit singles including "I Want Your Sex," "Faith" and "Father Figure" and earned the singer a Grammy.

It was his best-selling album, although he did top charts around the world with subsequent releases, enjoyed estimated career sales of 100 million records and amassed a personal fortune of 90 million pounds ($141 million).

When he was not hitting the airwaves with his music, Michael's personal life was regularly in the headlines, most notably in 1998 when he was arrested in California for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public toilet.

After the incident he spoke openly about his homosexuality, and courted controversy again by speaking out against the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.

Michael told Reuters in a 2005 interview that he was withdrawing from public life, but the following year he launched his first tour in 15 years.

He had a string of run-ins with British police for possession of narcotics, and was given a jail sentence last year for driving under the influence of cannabis.

Michael opened what was to be his final tour in Prague in August.

Copyright 2011 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/45776503/ns/today-entertainment/

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Sunday, December 25, 2011

Kiwi troops send Christmas messages home

Published: 4:22PM Sunday December 25, 2011 Source: Newstalk ZB

  • Kiwi troops send Christmas messages home (Source: Supplied)

    Source: Supplied

  • Watch Video

New Zealand soldiers serving overseas have sent Christmas messages home.

Lieutenant Colonel Brett Wellington, the commanding officer in Bamyan, Afghanistan, said the troops appreciate all the wonderful support from home.

The soldiers shared their messages via video, while sitting in front of a New Zealand flag and All Black flag.

Meanwhile, New Zealand Army troops in Egypt are in for a hot Christmas Day.

Private George O'Brien said while the mornings in Sinai are cool, it gets extremely hot throughout the day.

He said normally in New Zealand he would go to the beach and have a swim on Christmas Day, but in Egypt he can see the beach, though there is no water.

Private O'Brien said instead Christmas Day in Egypt will involve a game of cricket against Australian Defence Force personnel, and a Christmas dinner with a Kiwi flavour.

For our Defence Force personnel in Antarctica it will be a white Christmas.

Lieutenant Commander David Washer said they are hoping to see some penguins on Christmas day.

He said most personnel get the day off.

Washer said they have put Christmas trees up and have decorated the place, and they have also been taking part in 'secret Santa'.

Latest NZ News Video

Copyright ? 2011, Television New Zealand Limited. Breaking and Daily News, Sport & Weather | TV ONE, TV2 | Ondemand

Source: http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/kiwi-troops-send-christmas-messages-home-4668731?ref=rss

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Hawaii beats No. 14 Xavier 84-82 in overtime (AP)

HONOLULU ? Xavier coach Chris Mack summed up the No. 14 Musketeers' latest post-brawl loss in a hurry.

"This was as disappointing a game for as long as I've been around," Mack said.

Hawaii relegated the reeling Musketeers to the seventh-place game in the Diamond Head Classic, rallying for an 84-82 overtime victory Friday night in the consolation semifinals.

Joston Thomas sent the Musketeers to their third straight loss since the bench-clearing brawl Dec. 10 against Cincinnati, making a layup from the baseline with 0.8 seconds left.

"I'm my mind, my heart I was thinking we're not losing," Thomas said. "No excuses. We have to pull through."

Down by 15 early in the second half of the consolation semifinal, Hawaii tied it at 77 on Hauns Brereton's 3-pointer from the top of the key with 2.0 seconds left in regulation.

Thomas finished with a career-high 24 points on 8-of-11 shooting and had nine rebounds. Vander Joaquim added 20 points for Hawaii (6-5), Zane Johnson had 14 and Brereton 13.

The victory was Hawaii's first over a ranked team since it beat then-No. 4 Michigan State in November 2005.

"We struggled defensively in the second half," Mack said. "We're struggling offensively. We got some open looks we didn't knock down."

On the winning play, Johnson penetrated the lane before passing to Thomas, whose right-handed shot circled the rim before falling through. It wasn't the way Hawaii coach Gib Arnold planned it.

"We drew up a play where Zane comes off a screen and knocks down a jumper for us like he's done all season," said Thomas, describing the winning play. Instead, Johnson penetrated the lane before passing to Thomas, whose right-handed shot circled the rim before falling through.

A desperation heave by Xavier from about 75 feet as time expired was well short.

Tu Holloway led Xavier (8-3) with 26 points, Mark Lyons had 18 and Kenny Frease 13. Xavier has lost three straight for the first time under coach Mack.

Lyons played for the first time since the victory over Cincinnati. He was one of three Musketeers suspended for their parts in the altercation.

Holloway, who returned from his one-game suspension Thursday in a first-round loss to Long Beach State, was 4 of 8 from 3-point range and 7 of 16 overall. He also had six assists.

Holloway left the game briefly with an apparent right (shooting) hand injury early in the game.

Xavier opened the game on a 12-0 run and stretched the lead to 15 with 17:17 remaining in regulation.

"They jumped on us pretty good and I think we were down 15 in the second half," Arnold said. "This team has some character and we're finding out who we are. We're still figuring things out."

Johnson's 3-pointer pulled Hawaii to 75-74 with 3:10 to play, but Holloway answered for the Musketeers with a 3-pinter with 24 seconds. Brereton then hit his tying 3-pointer off an assist from Jeremiah Ostrowski.

Hawaii took its first lead on the first possession of overtime on Joaquim's dunk.

The Rainbow Warriors, who rebounded from a quarterfinal loss to Auburn on Thursday, will face Clemson in the fifth-place game Sunday. The Musketeers will play Southern Illinois for seventh place.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111224/ap_on_sp_co_ga_su/bkc_t25_xavier

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How bacteria fight flouride

Thursday, December 22, 2011

Yale researchers have uncovered the molecular tricks used by bacteria to fight the effects of fluoride, which is commonly used in toothpaste and mouthwash to combat tooth decay.

In the Dec. 22 online issue of the journal Science Express, the researchers report that sections of RNA messages called riboswitches ? which control the expression of genes ? detect the build-up of fluoride and activate the defenses of bacteria, including those that contribute to tooth decay.

"These riboswitches are detectors made specifically to see fluoride," said Ronald Breaker, the Henry Ford II Professor and chair of the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and senior author of the study.

Fluoride in over-the-counter and prescription toothpastes is widely credited with the large reduction in dental cavities seen since these products were made available beginning in the 1950s. This effect is largely caused by fluoride bonding to the enamel of our teeth, which hardens them against the acids produced by bacteria in our mouths. However, it has been known for many decades that fluoride at high concentrations also is toxic to bacteria, causing some researchers to propose that this antibacterial activity also may help prevent cavities.

The riboswitches work to counteract fluoride's effect on bacteria. "If fluoride builds up to toxic levels in the cell, a fluoride riboswitch grabs the fluoride and then turns on genes that can overcome its effects," said Breaker.

Since both fluoride and some RNA sensor molecules are negatively charged, they should not be able to bind, he notes.

"We were stunned when we uncovered fluoride-sensing riboswitches" said Breaker. "Scientists would argue that RNA is the worst molecule to use as a sensor for fluoride, and yet we have found more than 2000 of these strange RNAs in many organisms."

By tracking fluoride riboswitches in numerous species, the research team concluded that these RNAs are ancient ? meaning many organisms have had to overcome toxic levels of fluoride throughout their history. Organisms from at least two branches of the tree of life are using fluoride riboswitches, and the proteins used to combat fluoride toxicity are present in many species from all three branches.

"Cells have had to contend with fluoride toxicity for billions of years, and so they have evolved precise sensors and defense mechanisms to do battle with this ion," said Breaker, who is also an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Now that these sensors and defense mechanisms are known, Breaker said, it may be possible to manipulate these mechanisms and make fluoride even more toxic to bacteria. Fluoride riboswitches and proteins common in bacteria are lacking in humans, and so these fluoride defense systems could be targeted by drugs. For example, the Yale team discovered protein channels that flush fluoride out of cells. Blocking these channels with another molecule would cause fluoride to accumulate in bacteria, making it more effective as a cavity fighter.

Fluoride is the 13th most common element in the earth's crust, and it is naturally present in high concentrations throughout the United States and elsewhere. Its use in toothpaste and its addition to city water supplies across the United States sparked a controversy 60 years ago, and the dispute continues to this day. In the United Kingdom, and in other European Union countries, fluoride is used to a much lesser extent due to fierce public opposition.

The new findings from Yale only reveal how microbes overcome fluoride toxicity. The means by which humans contend with high fluoride levels remains unknown, Breaker notes. He adds that the use of fluoride has had clear benefits for dental health and that these new findings do not indicate that fluoride is unsafe as currently used.

###

Yale University: http://www.yale.edu

Thanks to Yale University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/116281/How_bacteria_fight_flouride

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